Reduced Albumin Concentration Predicts Weight Gain and Higher Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans

Objective Circulating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined. Methods In study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition. Results After adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (beta= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p>0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 +/- 11.7 kg (p<0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [beta=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (beta=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06). Conclusions Lower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation.

Automated summary

The study found that lower serum albumin concentration was associated with greater daily energy intake and weight gain, suggesting albumin may be a marker of energy intake regulation.