Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613422
Keywords
COVID-19; IL-6; SARS-CoV-2; fatal pneumonia; biomarker
Categories
Funding
- National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020]
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE), under the PORTUGAL Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- FCT [UMINHO/BD/57/2018, IF/00021/2014]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT)
- [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013]
- [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023]
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Hyper-inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 are major factors in disease severity and death, with IL-6 levels showing a significant correlation with disease stages and outcomes in COVID-19 patients, particularly in relation to respiratory failure. IL-6 also outperforms CRP as a predictive marker for disease progression.
Hyper-inflammatory responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a major cause of disease severity and death. Predictive prognosis biomarkers to guide therapeutics are critically lacking. Several studies have indicated a cytokine storm with the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and other inflammatory mediators. Here, we proposed to assess the relationship between IL-6 and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our cohort consisted of 46 adult patients with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in a COVID-19 ward of the Hospital de Braga (HB) from April 7 to May 7, 2020, whose IL-6 levels were followed over time. We found that IL-6 levels were significantly different between the disease stages. Also, we found a significant negative correlation between IL-6 levels during stages IIb and III, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), showing that IL-6 correlates with respiratory failure. Compared to the inflammatory markers available in the clinic routine, we found a positive correlation between IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, when we assessed the predictive value of these two markers, IL-6 behaves as a better predictor of disease progression. In a binary logistic regression, IL-6 level was the most significant predictor of the non-survivors group, when compared to age and CRP. Herein, we present IL-6 as a relevant tool for prognostic evaluation, mainly as a predictor of outcome.
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