Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624034
Keywords
hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; viral sensing; signaling; inflammation
Categories
Funding
- European Union [EU H2020 HEPCAR 667273]
- French Cancer Agency [TheraHCC2.0 IHU201901299]
- Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hepatites virales [ANRS ECTZ103701, ECTZ131760, ANRS ECTZ75178]
- French Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [FDT201805005763]
- Fondation de l'Universite de Strasbourg (HEPKIN) [TBA-DON-0002]
- Inserm Plan Cancer 2019-2023
- Initiative of excellence IDEX-Unistra [ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02]
- HEPSYS [LABEX ANR-10-LAB-28]
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The persistent dysregulation of signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses is a hallmark for the development and progression of chronic liver diseases, with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) being the two major etiological agents associated with these complications. Both viruses utilize various strategies to evade host antiviral defenses, contributing to the development of chronic liver disease.
A hallmark for the development and progression of chronic liver diseases is the persistent dysregulation of signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses, which eventually promotes the development of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The two major etiological agents associated with these complications in immunocompetent patients are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), accounting for almost 1.4 million liver disease-associated deaths worldwide. Although both differ significantly from the point of their genomes and viral life cycles, they exert not only individual but also common strategies to divert innate antiviral defenses. Multiple virus-modulated pathways implicated in stress and inflammation illustrate how chronic viral hepatitis persistently tweaks host signaling processes with important consequences for liver pathogenesis. The following review aims to summarize the molecular events implicated in the sensing of viral nucleic acids, the mechanisms employed by HBV and HCV to counter these measures and how the dysregulation of these cellular pathways drives the development of chronic liver disease and the progression toward HCC.
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