Journal
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages 5329-5346Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01411-3
Keywords
Olive leaf; Natural deep eutectic solvents; Ultrasound assisted extraction; Green extraction; experimental design; response surface methodology
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In this study, bioactive compounds were successfully extracted from olive leaves using a combination of new generation green solvents NADES and ultrasound-assisted extraction, demonstrating potential medicinal and antioxidant properties.
Olive leaf as an agricultural waste contains valuable bioactive compounds that are mainly used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Lately the major component, oleuropein, has gained extra attention due to the anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that causes Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). In this study, extraction of the bioactive compounds from olive leaves was conducted using a non-conventional and green method. New generation green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. Screening of NADES type, temperature, and particle size were investigated using one-pot-at-a-time method while, NADES amount and liquid-to-solid ratio were optimized using experimental design. The results were evaluated in terms of total polyphenol yield (Y-TP), total flavonoid yield (Y-TF) and antiradical activity (A(AR)). At the optimized conditions, the highest total polyphenol yield and the highest total flavonoid yield were achieved with choline chloride-fructose-water (CFW) (5:2:5) as 187.31 +/- 10.3 mg gallic acid equivalent g(-1) dw and 12.75 +/- 0.6 mg apigenin equivalent g(-1) dw, respectively. The extracts were also analyzed for oleuropein, caffeic acid and luteolin contents. The highest amount of oleuropein and caffeic acid were extracted by glucose-fructose-water (GFW) (1:1:11) as 1630.80 mg kg(-1) dw and 112.77 mg kg(-1) dw, respectively. [GRAPHICS] .
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