Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano11020353
Keywords
analytical chemistry; ‘ bath salts’ biomimetics; drug analysis; electropolymerization; electroanalysis; forensic chemistry; modified electrodes; new psychoactive substances (NPS); o-phenylenediamine
Categories
Funding
- FCT/MCTES [UID/QUI/50006/2019, UID/MULTI/04378/2019]
- FCT from the PhD Programme in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Innovation (i3DU) [PD/BD/127797/2016]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2018/14425-7, 2014/25770-6, 2015/01491-3]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [309715/2017-2, 424432/2018-8, 309630/2018-5]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais [FAPEMIG: APQ-03637-16]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
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A new sensor was developed for the direct analysis of the harmful synthetic cathinone MDPV, showing promising results in laboratory and on-site measurements. The sensor's analytical performance paves the way for the development of a portable device for MDPV sensing in forensic and doping analysis.
3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a harmful and controlled synthetic cathinone used as a psychostimulant drug and as sport-enhancing substance. A sensor was developed for the direct analysis of MDPV by transducing its oxidation signal by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (e-MIP) built in-situ on the screen-printed carbon electrode's (SPCE) surface previously covered with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Benzene-1,2-diamine was used as the functional monomer while the analyte was used as the template monomer. Each step of the sensor's development was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a solution containing ferricyanide, however no redox probe was required for the actual MDPV measurements. The interaction between the poly(o-phenylenediamine) imprinted polymer and MDPV was studied by density-functional theory (DFT) methods. The SPCE-MWCNT-AgNP-MIP sensor responded adequately to the variation of MDPV concentration. It was shown that AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical signal by around a 3-fold factor. Making use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) the developed sensor provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 mu mol L-1. The analytical performance of the proposed sensor paves the way to the development of a portable device for MDPV on-site sensing to be applied in forensic and doping analysis.
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