Journal
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.643468
Keywords
cerebrovascular reactivity; magnetic resonance imaging; blood oxygen-level dependent; arterial spin labelling MRI; Hypercapnia (CO(2)) inhalation; systematic review
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council (MRC)
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI)
- DRI Ltd - UK Medical Research Council
- Alzheimer's Society
- Alzheimer's Research UK
- European Union [PHC-03-15, 666881]
- Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence [16 CVD 05]
- Scottish Chief Scientist Office through the NHS Lothian Research and Development Department
- NHS Lothian Research and Development Office
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Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) MRI is a key tool for investigating cerebral vascular diseases, with studies showing that CVR is generally lower in patients compared to healthy controls. The most commonly used methods include BOLD acquisitions with fixed inspired CO2 gas and general linear modeling of the MRI signal with end-tidal CO2 as the regressor.
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes cerebral haemodynamic changes in response to a vasodilatory stimulus. CVR closely relates to the health of the vasculature and is therefore a key parameter for studying cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, small vessel disease and dementias. MRI allows in vivo measurement of CVR but several different methods have been presented in the literature, differing in pulse sequence, hardware requirements, stimulus and image processing technique. We systematically reviewed publications measuring CVR using MRI up to June 2020, identifying 235 relevant papers. We summarised the acquisition methods, experimental parameters, hardware and CVR quantification approaches used, clinical populations investigated, and corresponding summary CVR measures. CVR was investigated in many pathologies such as steno-occlusive diseases, dementia and small vessel disease and is generally lower in patients than in healthy controls. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) acquisitions with fixed inspired CO2 gas or end-tidal CO2 forcing stimulus are the most commonly used methods. General linear modelling of the MRI signal with end-tidal CO2 as the regressor is the most frequently used method to compute CVR. Our survey of CVR measurement approaches and applications will help researchers to identify good practice and provide objective information to inform the development of future consensus recommendations.
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