Journal
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 386-400Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0272
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Funding
- NCI [R01 CA50633]
- NIH/NCI [P30-CA051008]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) [R25GM086761]
- Lustgarten Foundation
- Emerson Foundation [640183]
- Allegheny Foundation
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.
- NCI, NIH [HHSN261200800001E, R01AI145549-02]
- Genomics and Epigenomics Shared Resource
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource
- Tissue Culture Shared Resource
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource
- Histopathology and Tissue Shared Resource
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health science (KSAU-HS)
- Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission (SACM)
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The study found that T-cell antitumor immunity can induce a myeloid mimicry phenomenon in PDAC and activate immune resistance. Targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Pancreatic tumors are minimally infiltrated by T cells and are largely refractory to immunotherapy. Accordingly, the role of T-cell immunity in pancreatic cancer has been somewhat overlooked. Here, we hypothesized that immune resistance in pancreatic cancer was induced in response to antitumor T-cell immune responses and that understanding how pancreatic tumors respond to immune attack may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. We now provide evidence that T-cell-dependent host immune responses induce a PDAC-derived myeloid mimicry phenomenon and stimulate immune resistance. Three KPC mouse models of pancreatic LS cancer were used: the mT3-2D (Kras(+/ LSL-GI2D); Trp(53+/LSL-R172H); Pdx1-Cre) subcutaneous and orthotopic models, as well as the KP1 (p48-CRE/LSL-Kras/Trp53(flox/flox)) subcutaneous model. KPC cancer cells were grown in immunocompetent and immunodeficient C57B1/6 mice and analyzed to determine the impact of adaptive immunity on malignant epithelial cells, as well as on whole tumors. We found that induced T-cell antitumor immunity, via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), stimulated malignant epithelial pancreatic cells to induce the expression of genes typically expressed by myeloid cells and altered intratumoral immunosuppressive myeloid cell profiles. Targeting the Janus Kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway using the FDA-approved drug ruxolitinib overcame these tumor-protective responses and improved anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy. These findings provide future directions for treatments that specifically disable this mechanism of resistance in PDAC.
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