Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 183-193Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2020.3039459
Keywords
Comets; deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratio; double-sideband (DSB); down-conversion; dual local oscillator; HDO; intermodulation (IM) product; intrinsic RF bandwidth; molecular line ratio; quad-sideband (QSB); self-mixing; sideband gain; single-sideband (SSB); superconductor insulator superconductor (SIS) receiver; systematics; water isotopologues; omega RC product
Funding
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
- National Aeronautical and Space Administration
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Researchers aim to detect and measure the extremely weak HDO, (H2O)-O-17, and (H2O)-O-18 in comets, using powerful receivers and sensitive instruments, in order to unravel the mysteries surrounding the origin of Earth's water.
NASA's Planetary Decadal Survey Vision and Voyages has concluded that measurements of isotopic cometary water vapor, and in particular the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio (D/H) ratio, are an important tool for unraveling the mysteries involving the origin of Earth's water, and the evolution of our solar system. To support this goal, we have developed, through an internal Jet Propulsion Laboratory research program, quantum-limited superconductor insulator superconductor (SIS) receivers covering the important 500-600 GHz submillimeter frequency band. These instruments can detect the (1(10)-1(01)) HDO rotational transition, and the (1(10)-1(01)) ground state (rotational) transitions of Ortho (H2O)-O-16, (H2O)-O-17, and (H2O)-O-18 with exquisite sensitivity. However, given the extremely weak HDO emission and the time-variability of the outgassing processes in comets, expeditious low noise D/H ratio measurements of these sources remain extremely challenging. To address this issue, we investigate the possibility of acquiring HDO, (H2O)-O-17, and (H2O)-O-18 simultaneously by means of a novel dual local oscillator (2LO) down-conversion process, as an alternative to ultra-broadband IF bandwidth systems.
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