Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 2591-2599Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08726
Keywords
lignin; cellulose nanofibers; carbon fibers; mechanical performance and electrical conductivity
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52003052]
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian [2020J01895]
- Scientific Research Foundation of Fujian University of Technology [GY-Z18150]
- Development Foundation of Fujian University of Technology [GYZ18174]
- Foundation of Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian [KF-C19010]
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Composite filaments of lignin and cellulose nanofibers were fabricated using microfluidic spinning technique, resulting in bio-based carbon fibers with high tensile strength and electrical conductivity after stabilization and carbonization. The hierarchical assembly and in situ interfacial complexation played a key role in achieving the superior mechanical and electrical performance of the fibers.
Composite filaments comprised of lignin and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were fabricated by a microfluidic spinning technique together with in situ interfacial complexation. The hierarchical assembly of well-ordered lignin/CNFs cross-linked using chitosan by ionic bonds resulted in the high orientation degree and compact microstructure of the filament, which was a promising precursor of carbon fibers. After stabilization and carbonization, bio-based carbon fibers with fine graphite microcrystals were obtained and carbon lattice was highly oriented along the fiber direction, contributing to the superior macro-performance. When the content of lignin was 75 wt %, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers reached 1648 MPa and 185.3 S/cm, respectively, surpassing the most reported values in the literature. Furthermore, a combined TG-FTIR approach was applied to further analyze the carbonization process of lignin/CNF precursors. The excellent mechanical and electrical performance of the bio-based carbon fibers would broaden their applications as a reinforcing agent and an electrical device. The demonstrated spinning technology also offered an avenue for the fabrication of high-performance filaments and carbon fibers.
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