Current understanding of the interplays between host hormones and plant viral infections

Phytohormones mediate plant development and responses to stresses caused by biotic agents or abiotic factors. The functions of phytohormones in responses to viral infection have been intensively studied, and the emerging picture of complex mechanisms provides insights into the roles that phytohormones play in defense regulation as a whole. These hormone signaling pathways are not simple linear or isolated cascades, but exhibit crosstalk with each other. Here, we summarized the current understanding of recent advances for the classical defense hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) and also the roles of abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) in modulating plant-virus interactions.

Automated summary

Phytohormones play crucial roles in mediating plant responses to viral infection, with complex mechanisms involving crosstalk between traditional defense hormones such as SA, JA, and ET, as well as ABA, auxin, GA, CKs, and BRs. Recent advances have provided insights into the modulation of plant-virus interactions by these diverse hormone signaling pathways.