Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030874
Keywords
calorie intake; heart failure; hospitalization; malnutrition; mortality
Categories
Funding
- KAKENHI [JP24614001, 18K08022]
- Center of Innovation Program from the Japan Science and Technology Agency [JPMJCE1301]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18K08022] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Inadequate calorie intake is associated with worse clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with chronic HF, including higher risks of all-cause death and HF-related hospitalization. Further studies with direct measurements of dietary calorie intake and total energy expenditure are needed to clarify this relationship.
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but the precise impact of dietary energy deficiency on HF patients' clinical outcomes is not known. We investigated the associations between inadequate calorie intake and adverse clinical events in 145 stable outpatients with chronic HF who had a history of hospitalization due to worsening HF. To assess the patients' dietary pattern, we used a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ). Inadequate calorie intake was defined as <60% of the estimated energy requirement. In the total chronic HF cohort, the median calorie intake was 1628 kcal/day. Forty-four patients (30%) were identified as having an inadequate calorie intake. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with inadequate calorie intake had significantly worse clinical outcomes including all-cause death and HF-related hospitalization during the 1-year follow-up period versus those with adequate calorie intake (20% vs. 5%, p < 0.01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate calorie intake was an independent predictor of adverse clinical events after adjustment for various factors that may influence patients' calorie intake. Among patients with chronic HF, inadequate calorie intake was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization due to worsening HF. However, our results are preliminary and larger studies with direct measurements of dietary calorie intake and total energy expenditure are needed to clarify the intrinsic nature of this relationship.
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