Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030883
Keywords
enteroendocrine cells; chemosensory; GIP; GLP-1; nutrients; hormones
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Joint Investigator Award [106262/Z/14/Z, 106263/Z/14/Z]
- Metabolic Diseases Unit [MRC_MC_UU_12012/3]
- Wellcome Trust [106263/Z/14/Z, 106262/Z/14/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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The gastrointestinal tract has mechanisms to sense nutrient composition and release gut hormones like GLP-1 and GIP, which play a crucial role in regulating nutrient utilization and feeding behavior. Understanding these mechanisms could provide insights into postprandial physiology and offer dietary approaches to manage nutrition and satiety.
The gastrointestinal tract can assess the nutrient composition of ingested food. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms in specialised epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, the enteroendocrine cells, trigger the release of gut hormones that provide important local and central feedback signals to regulate nutrient utilisation and feeding behaviour. The evidence for nutrient-stimulated secretion of two of the most studied gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), along with the known cellular mechanisms in enteroendocrine cells recruited by nutrients, will be the focus of this review. The mechanisms involved range from electrogenic transporters, ion channel modulation and nutrient-activated G-protein coupled receptors that converge on the release machinery controlling hormone secretion. Elucidation of these mechanisms will provide much needed insight into postprandial physiology and identify tractable dietary approaches to potentially manage nutrition and satiety by altering the secreted gut hormone profile.
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