4.7 Review

Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Journal

NUTRIENTS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030850

Keywords

dietary flavanols; microbiota; immunity; inflammation; diabetes; obesity; metabolic syndrome

Funding

  1. [RTI2018-095059-B-I00]

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Flavanols, natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables, have beneficial effects on health, including modulation of different molecular pathways, regulation of immunological reactions, and modulation of gut microbiome similar to prebiotics. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols influence health and disease through microbiota and immune system remain unclear, especially in humans.
Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-kappa B [NF-kappa B], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

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