Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages 3057-3072Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13232
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Funding
- NCI Cancer Center [P30 CA91842]
- ICTS/CTSA from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1 TR000448]
- NIH Roadmap for Medical Research
- Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area at Argonne National Laboratory - Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- NSF [OCE-1155346, EAR-1124389, OCE 03-27353, MCB 04-56676, OCE 11-36451, OCE 1038114, 1136608, 1155246]
- Packard Fellowship
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1155346, 1155246] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1136608, 1136451] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Previous studies of the stoichiometry of thiosulfate oxidation by colorless sulfur bacteria have failed to demonstrate mass balance of sulfur, indicating that unidentified oxidized products must be present. Here the reaction stoichiometry and kinetics under variable pH conditions during the growth of Thiomicrospira thermophila strain EPR85, isolated from diffuse hydrothermal fluids at the East Pacific Rise, is presented. At pH 8.0, thiosulfate was stoichiometrically converted to sulfate. At lower pH, the products of thiosulfate oxidation were extracellular elemental sulfur and sulfate. We were able to replicate previous experiments and identify the missing sulfur as tetrathionate, consistent with previous reports of the activity of thiosulfate dehydrogenase. Tetrathionate was formed under slightly acidic conditions. Genomic DNA from T. thermophila strain EPR85 contains genes homologous to those in the Sox pathway (soxAXYZBCDL), as well as rhodanese and thiosulfate dehydrogenase. No other sulfur oxidizing bacteria containing sox(CD) 2 genes have been reported to produce extracellular elemental sulfur. If the apparent modified Sox pathway we observed in T. thermophila is present in marine Thiobacillus and Thiomicrospira species, production of extracellular elemental sulfur may be biogeochemically important in marine sulfur cycling.
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