Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma14030670
Keywords
zirconium phosphate; PLGA; Efflux pump inhibitors; biofilm inhibition; composites
Categories
Funding
- MIUR within the DELPHI projects through the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022
- Universita degli Studi di Perugia within the Fondo per il sostegno della Ricerca di Base 2014
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Polymeric composites with bioactive species immobilized on inorganic nanostructured matrix have been studied for reducing bacterial adherence on implanted medical devices. In this study, potent S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors were immobilized on nanometric alpha-zirconium phosphate, resulting in composite films that effectively inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin intercalated in ZrP in combination with ZrP/EPI was evaluated.
Polymeric composites, where bioactive species are immobilized on inorganic nanostructured matrix, have received considerable attention as surfaces able to reduce bacterial adherence, colonization, and biofilm formation in implanted medical devices. In this work, potent in-house S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), belonging to the 2-phenylquinoline class, were immobilized on nanometric alpha-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) taking into advantage of acid-base or intercalation reactions. The ZrP/EPI were used as filler of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to obtain film composites with a homogeneous distribution of the ZrP/EPI fillers. As reference, PLGA films loaded with ZrP intercalated with thioridazine (TZ), that is recognized as both a NorA and biofilm inhibitor, and with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CPX) were prepared. Composite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of the composite films, containing ZrP/EPI, to inhibit biofilm formation was tested on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and it was compared with that of the composite loaded with ZrP/TZ. Finally, the antibacterial activity of CPX intercalated in ZrP was evaluated when used in combination with ZrP/EPI in the PLGA films.
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