Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 189, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116577
Keywords
Biosand filtration; Bacteria; E. coli; Virus; MS2 coliphage; Cryptosporidium
Funding
- NSF CAREER Award [0545687]
- EPA P3 Award [SU834718]
- Lindbergh Foundation Award
- UK Department for International Development
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [0545687] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The study found that different-sized biosand filters showed varying effectiveness in removing bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, with the addition of iron nails significantly improving bacteria and protozoan removal. Both pause period and filter type influenced virus removal, with scaled-down biosand filters providing a viable household water treatment option for those still lacking access to improved water sources.
Three different-sized biosand filters (i.e., the center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology v10 concrete filter, a 5-gal bucket filter, and a 2-gal bucket filter with fine sand depths of 54, 15, and 10 cm, respectively), configured with and without the addition of iron nails to the diffuser basin, were evaluated for removal of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses over pause periods ranging from 1 to 72 hrs. Biosand filtration proved effective at all pause periods tested, and log10 removal of bacteria and protozoan cysts for all filter sizes and configurations ranged from 3 to 4. The addition of nails resulted in significantly better (p<0.05) bacteria removal for all filter sizes and significantly better (p<0.02) protozoan removal for the bucket-sized filters. Log10 virus removal for all filter types and sizes ranged from <1 to 6. Both the pause period and filter type (size/configuration) influenced virus removal, and the addition of nails to the filter improved virus removal at the shorter pause periods. Scaled-down biosand filters provide a viable household water treatment option for some of the millions of people that still lack access to an improved water source. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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