A smartphone-assisted portable biosensor using laccase-mineral hybrid microflowers for colorimetric determination of epinephrine

A novel smartphone-assisted portable biosensor based on laccase-mineral hybrid microflowers (La-HMFs) was applied for real-time, accurate and reliable quantification of epinephrine (EP). La-HMFs with flower-like hierarchical nanostructure was synthesized via biomineralization using Cu-3(PO4)(2)center dot 3H(2)O as the mineral. Characterization results revealed laccase molecules as the framework were immobilized within La-HMFs. Smartphone-assisted colorimetric assays showed wide linear detection range (1-400 mu M) and favorable anti-interference ability for EP detection, and the detection limit was 0.6 mu M. Further, due to the protective effect of Cu-3(PO4)(2)center dot 3H(2)O the immobilized laccase exhibited good stability and desirable reusability.

Automated summary

A novel smartphone-assisted portable biosensor based on laccase-mineral hybrid microflowers (La-HMFs) was developed for real-time, accurate, and reliable quantification of epinephrine. The La-HMFs with flower-like hierarchical nanostructure immobilized laccase molecules and exhibited wide linear detection range and favorable anti-interference ability for epinephrine detection. Additionally, the immobilized laccase showed good stability and desirable reusability due to the protective effect of Cu-3(PO4)(2)center dot 3H(2)O.