Journal
SENSORS
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s21041542
Keywords
microwave sensors; stepped-impedance transmission lines; slow-wave transmission lines; meander lines; dielectric constant sensor; phase-variation sensors
Funding
- MICIIN-Spain [TEC2016-75650-R, PID2019103904RB-I00]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2017SGR-1159]
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats
- FEDER funds
- Secreteraria d'Universitats i Recerca
- European Social Fund
- Juan de la Cierva Program [IJCI2017-31339, IJC2019-040786-I]
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This paper reviews and compares three different strategies for sensitivity improvement in planar phase-variation microwave sensors devoted to material characterization. The reflective-mode sensors based on step-impedance open-ended lines show unprecedented sensitivities compatible with small sensing regions.
Planar phase-variation microwave sensors have attracted increasing interest in recent years since they combine the advantages of planar technology (including low cost, low profile, and sensor integration with the associated circuitry for post-processing and communication purposes, among others) and the possibility of operation at a single frequency (thereby reducing the costs of the associated electronics). This paper reviews and compares three different strategies for sensitivity improvement in such phase-variation sensors (devoted to material characterization). The considered approaches include line elongation (through meandering), dispersion engineering (by considering slow-wave artificial transmission lines), and reflective-mode sensors based on step-impedance open-ended lines. It is shown that unprecedented sensitivities compatible with small sensing regions are achievable with the latter approach.
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