Targeting stemness of cancer stem cells to fight colorectal cancers

Cancer initiating/ stem cells (CSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation that contributes to tumor initiation, recurrence and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting of colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) holds significant promise in eradicating cancer cells and ultimately curing patients with cancer. In this review, we will introduce the current progress of CCSC studies, including the specific surface markers of CCSCs, the intrinsic signaling pathways that regulate the stemness and differentiation characteristics of CCSCs, and the tumor organoid model for CCSC research. We will focus on how these studies will lead to the progress in targeting specific surface markers or signaling pathways on CCSCs by monoclonal antibodies, or by natural or synthetic compounds, or by immunotherapy. As CSCs are highly heterogeneous and plastic, we suggest that combinatory approaches that target the stemness network may represent an important strategy for eradicating cancers.

Automated summary

This review provides an overview of current progress in colorectal cancer stem cell (CCSC) studies, including specific surface markers, intrinsic signaling pathways, and tumor organoid models. The review highlights the potential of targeting CCSCs through monoclonal antibodies, natural or synthetic compounds, or immunotherapy. Combinatory approaches targeting the stemness network may be important for eradicating cancer, considering the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs.