Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 371, Issue 6533, Pages 1046-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3363
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Funding
- Australian Research Council Future Fellowships - Australian government [FT140101082, FT190100574]
- National Program on Key Research and Development Project [2016YFA0400804]
- National NSFC [U1838114]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB23040100]
- Margarete von Wrangell fellowship by the ESF
- Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Wurttemberg
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P]
- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu 2020-2023) [PID2019-105510GB-C31, CEX2019-000918-M]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI grant [639.043.513]
- NSERC [RGPIN-2016-06569]
- program Laplas VI of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research
- Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt grant [50 OR 1606]
- Polish National Science Centre [2015/18/A/ST9/00746]
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [2021184008] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The evolution of massive stars is influenced by mass lost to stellar winds, which ultimately impact the masses of stellar remnants, such as black holes. A study using radio astrometry to refine the distance to the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1 found the black hole mass to be 21.2 solar masses, higher than previous measurements. Formation of such high-mass black holes in high-metallicity systems within the Milky Way constraints wind mass loss from massive stars.
The evolution of massive stars is influenced by the mass lost to stellar winds over their lifetimes. These winds limit the masses of the stellar remnants (such as black holes) that the stars ultimately produce. We used radio astrometry to refine the distance to the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1, which we found to be 2.22(-0.17)(+0.18) kiloparsecs. When combined with archival optical data, this implies a black hole mass of 21.2 +/- +/- 2.2 solar masses, which is higher than previous measurements. The formation of such a high-mass black hole in a high-metallicity system (within the Milky Way) constrains wind mass loss from massive stars.
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