ADAPTIVE MODELLING OF VARIABLY SATURATED SEEPAGE PROBLEMS

In this article, we present a goal-oriented adaptive finite element method for a class of subsurface flow problems in porous media, which exhibit seepage faces. We focus on a representative case of the steady state flows governed by a nonlinear Darcy-Buckingham law with physical constraints on subsurface-atmosphere boundaries. This leads to the formulation of the problem as a variational inequality. The solutions to this problem are investigated using an adaptive finite element method based on a dual-weighted a posteriori error estimate, derived with the aim of reducing error in a specific target quantity. The quantity of interest is chosen as volumetric water flux across the seepage face, and therefore depends on an a priori unknown free boundary. We apply our method to challenging numerical examples as well as specific case studies, from which this research originates, illustrating the major difficulties that arise in practical situations. We summarise extensive numerical results that clearly demonstrate the designed method produces rapid error reduction measured against the number of degrees of freedom.

Automated summary

This article introduces an adaptive finite element method for subsurface flow problems in porous media with seepage faces, focusing on steady state flows. By using a dual-weighted a posteriori error estimate, the solutions to the variational inequality problem were investigated to reduce error in a specific target quantity. The method was applied to challenging numerical examples and case studies, showing rapid error reduction in practical situations.