4.5 Review

Microproteomic sample preparation

Journal

PROTEOMICS
Volume 21, Issue 9, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000318

Keywords

bottom‐ up approach; cell microproteomics; mass spectrometry; microproteomics; protein analysis; sample preparation; tissue microproteomics; top‐ down approach

Funding

  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 1389]

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Proteomics applications in various fields such as life and health sciences, pathology, and pharmacology often require handling small cell and tissue samples, where microproteomics plays a crucial role in addressing specific considerations for processing these samples efficiently.
Multiple applications of proteomics in life and health science, pathology and pharmacology, require handling size-limited cell and tissue samples. During proteomic sample preparation, analyte loss in these samples arises when standard procedures are used. Thus, specific considerations have to be taken into account for processing, that are summarised under the term microproteomics (mu Ps). Microproteomic workflows include: sampling (e.g., flow cytometry, laser capture microdissection), sample preparation (possible disruption of cells or tissue pieces via lysis, protein extraction, digestion in bottom-up approaches, and sample clean-up) and analysis (chromatographic or electrophoretic separation, mass spectrometric measurements and statistical/bioinformatic evaluation). All these steps must be optimised to reach wide protein dynamic ranges and high numbers of identifications. Under optimal conditions, sampling is adapted to the studied sample types and nature, sample preparation isolates and enriches the whole protein content, clean-up removes salts and other interferences such as detergents or chaotropes, and analysis identifies as many analytes as the instrumental throughput and sensitivity allow. In the suggested review, we present and discuss the current state in mu P applications for processing of small number of cells (cell mu Ps) and microscopic tissue regions (tissue mu Ps).

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