Factors determining antibiotic use in the general population: A qualitative study in Spain

Background Antibiotic resistance is an important Public Health problem and many studies link it to antibiotic misuse. The population plays a key role in such misuse. Objective The aim of this study was thus to explore the factors that might influence antibiotic use and resistance in the general population. Methods Qualitative research using the focus group (FG) method. Groups were formed by reference to the following criteria: age (over and under 65 years); place of origin; and educational/professional qualifications. FG sessions were recorded, transcribed and then separately analysed by two researchers working independently. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results Eleven FGs were formed with a total of 75 participants. The principal factors identified as possible determinants of antibiotic misuse were: (i) lack of knowledge about antibiotics; (ii) doctor-patient relationship problems; (iii) problems of adherence; and, (iv) use without medical prescription. Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon unknown to the population and is perceived as an individual problem, with the term resistance being confused with tolerance. None of the groups reported that information about resistance had been disseminated by the health care sector. Conclusions The public is unaware of the important role it plays in the advance of antimicrobial resistance. There is evidence of diverse factors, many of them modifiable, which might account for antibiotic misuse. Better understanding these factors could be useful in drawing up specific strategies aimed at improving antibiotic use.

Automated summary

Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue often linked to misuse, with factors such as lack of knowledge, doctor-patient relationships, adherence problems, and use without prescription identified as potential determinants of misuse. The public is generally unaware of their role in antimicrobial resistance, with information about resistance not widely disseminated by healthcare providers. Understanding and addressing these factors could lead to improved strategies for antibiotic use.