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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164823
Keywords
Neutrino; Liquid scintillator; Light yield
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Guangdong provincial government
- Shenzhen municipal government
- China General Nuclear Power Group
- Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- MOE in Taiwan
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic
- Charles University Research Centre UNCE
- National Key R&D Program of China
- Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC
- CAS
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy
- Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)
- FWO under the Excellence of Science C EOS in Belgium
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico in Brazil
- Charles University Research Centre
- Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports in Czech Republic
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Helmholtz Association
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) in Russia
- Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia
- National Commission of Scientific and Technological Research of Chile
- Wuyi University
- Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in France
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico in Brazil, the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chile
- Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germany
- Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)
- MOST in Taiwan
- Chulalongkorn University
- Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand
- University of California at Irvine in USA
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A 20 ton LS sample was produced in a pilot plant to study the optical properties of LS in different compositions for JUNO. The concentrations of PPO and bis-MSB were increased in steps to determine the optimal composition. Daya Bay data were used to tune an optical model for the JUNO simulation, resulting in the recommendation of purified LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB for JUNO LS.
To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB.
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