Journal
NATURE
Volume 590, Issue 7847, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03193-z
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [R35 GM127029]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences Training Grant [TM32GM007122]
- Labex Ecofect of the Universite de Lyon [ANR-11-LABX-0048]
- Fondation FINOVI
- European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmes [ERC-StG-LS6-805500]
- Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [ANR-14-CE10-0002-01, ANR-18-CE12-0015]
- Institut National Contre le Cancer (INCA)
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC)
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [FDT201904007941]
- European Research Council [ERC-2014-CoG 647344]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-18-CE12-0015] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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The repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential for maintaining genome integrity. This study demonstrates the functional role of topologically associating domains in establishing gamma H2AX-53BP1 chromatin domains, involving cohesin-mediated loop extrusion on both sides of the DSB.
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for safeguarding genome integrity. When a DSB forms, the PI3K-related ATM kinase rapidly triggers the establishment of megabase-sized, chromatin domains decorated with phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma H2AX), which act as seeds for the formation of DNA-damage response foci(1). It is unclear how these foci are rapidly assembled to establish a 'repair-prone' environment within the nucleus. Topologically associating domains are a key feature of 3D genome organization that compartmentalize transcription and replication, but little is known about their contribution to DNA repair processes(2,3). Here we show that topologically associating domains are functional units of the DNA damage response, and are instrumental for the correct establishment of gamma H2AX-53BP1 chromatin domains in a manner that involves one-sided cohesin-mediated loop extrusion on both sides of the DSB. We propose a model in which H2AX-containing nucleosomes are rapidly phosphorylated as they actively pass by DSB-anchored cohesin. Our work highlights the importance of chromosome conformation in the maintenance of genome integrity and demonstrates the establishment of a chromatin modification by loop extrusion.
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