Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 1688-1693Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04494
Keywords
nano-infrared imaging; nano-photocurrent; top gate; bilayer graphene
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Funding
- Programmable Quantum Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0019443]
- Simons Foundation [579913]
- NSF DMREF [DMR-1922172]
- Stewardship Science Graduate Fellowship program [DE-NA0003864]
- European Union [734690]
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Graphene-based heterostructures present a variety of phenomena tunable by electrostatic local gates. While monolayer graphene exhibits tunable surface plasmon polaritons, bilayer graphene may display unique plasmonic effects such as plasmon amplification and domain wall plasmons. These effects are highly sensitive to displacement fields and have potential applications in nano-optics.
Graphene-based heterostructures display a variety of phenomena that are strongly tunable by electrostatic local gates. Monolayer graphene (MLG) exhibits tunable surface plasmon polaritons, as revealed by scanning nano-infrared experiments. In bilayer graphene (BLG), an electronic gap is induced by a perpendicular displacement field. Gapped BLG is predicted to display unusual effects such as plasmon amplification and domain wall plasmons with significantly larger lifetime than MLG. Furthermore, a variety of correlated electronic phases highly sensitive to displacement fields have been observed in twisted graphene structures. However, applying perpendicular displacement fields in nano-infrared experiments has only recently become possible [Li, H.; et al. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 3106-3112]. In this work, we fully characterize two approaches to realizing nano-optics compatible top gates: bilayer MoS2 and MLG. We perform nano-infrared imaging on both types of structures and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Our work paves the way for comprehensive near-field experiments of correlated phenomena and plasmonic effects in graphene-based heterostructures.
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