4.7 Article

A preliminary study about gravitational wave radiation and cosmic heat death

Journal

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 502, Issue 2, Pages 2787-2792

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab226

Keywords

gravitational waves; cosmology: miscellaneous

Funding

  1. National SKA (Square Kilometre Array) Program of China [2020SKA0110401]
  2. NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) [11803094]
  3. Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China [202002030360]

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The study investigates the role of gravitational waves in the heat death of the Universe, finding that they lead to energy dissipation in dynamical systems, transitioning to a state of rest and death. Energy loss due to gravitational wave emission in dark matter systems is estimated through N-body simulations, though the analysis may be invalidated by multiple unknown factors.
We study the role of gravitational waves (GW) in the heat death of the Universe. Due to the GW emission, in a very long period, dynamical systems in the universe suffer from persistent mechanical energy dissipation, evolving to a state of universal rest and death. With N-body simulations, we adopt a simple yet representative scheme to calculate the energy loss due to the GW emission. For current dark matter systems with mass similar to 10(12)-10(15) M-circle dot, we estimate their GW emission time-scale as similar to 10(19)-10(25) yr. This time-scale is significantly larger than any baryon processes in the Universe, but still similar to 10(80) times shorter than that of the Hawking radiation. We stress that our analysis could be invalid due to many unknowns such as the dynamical chaos, the quadrupole momentum of haloes, the angular momentum loss, the dynamic friction, the central black hole accretion, the dark matter decays or annihilations, the property of dark energy, and the future evolution of the Universe.

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