Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 502, Issue 4, Pages 5508-5527Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab449
Keywords
galaxies: abundances; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: stellar content
Categories
Funding
- University of Portsmouth PhD bursary
- Science, Technology and Facilities Council through the Consolidated Grant Cosmology and Astrophysics at Portsmouth [ST/N000668/1]
- Institute of Cosmology of Gravitation
- SEPnet
- University of Portsmouth
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Carnegie Institution for Science
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Chilean Participation Group
- French Participation Group
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
- National Astronomical Observatories of China
- New Mexico State University
- New York University
- University of Notre Dame
- Observatario Nacional/MCTI
- Ohio State University
- Pennsylvania State University
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
- United Kingdom Participation Group
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- University of Arizona
- University of Colorado Boulder
- University of Oxford
- University of Utah
- University of Virginia
- University of Washington
- University of Wisconsin
- Vanderbilt University
- Yale University
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By studying a large sample of galaxies, differences in age, metallicity, and various element abundances between ETGs and LTGs were identified. The age gradients in LTGs were found to be negatively correlated with galaxy mass, while internal processes regulated metallicity in ETGs rather than age. Different galaxy types exhibit distinct gradient characteristics.
We derive ages, metallicities, and individual element abundances of early- and late-type galaxies (ETGs and LTGs) out to 1.5 R-e. We study a large sample of 1900 galaxies spanning 8.6-11.3logM/M-circle dot in stellar mass, through key absorption features in stacked spectra from the SDSS-IV/MaNGA survey. We use mock galaxy spectra with extended star formation histories to validate our method for LTGs and use corrections to convert the derived ages into luminosity- and mass-weighted quantities. We find flat age and negative metallicity gradients for ETGs and negative age and negative metallicity gradients for LTGs. Age gradients in LTGs steepen with increasing galaxy mass, from -0.05 +/- 0.11 log Gyr/R-e for the lowest mass galaxies to -0.82 +/- 0.08 log Gyr/R-e for the highest mass ones. This strong gradient-mass relation has a slope of -0.70 +/- 0.18. Comparing local age and metallicity gradients with the velocity dispersion sigma within galaxies against the global relation with sigma shows that internal processes regulate metallicity in ETGs but not age, and vice versa for LTGs. We further find that metallicity gradients with respect to local sigma show a much stronger dependence on galaxy mass than radial metallicity gradients. Both galaxy types display flat [C/Fe] and [Mg/Fe], and negative [Na/Fe] gradients, whereas only LTGs display gradients in [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe]. ETGs have increasingly steep [Na/Fe] gradients with local sigma reaching 6.50 +/- 0.78 dex/log kms(-1) for the highest masses. [Na/Fe] ratios are correlated with metallicity for both galaxy types across the entire mass range in our sample, providing support for metallicity-dependent supernova yields.
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