Journal
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Volume 160, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107113
Keywords
ABC; ?Campo rupestre?; Climate change; Diversification; Elevation shifts; Statistical phylogeography
Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia [FAPESB] [274/2016]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [CAPES] [88881.134657/2016-01]
- CAPES/Alexander von Humboldt Foundation [BEX 0585/16-5]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation [FAPESP] [2013/50741-7]
- Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq] [302518/2013-4]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [304494/2019-4]
- NSF-DEB [USBIOTA1831241]
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The study found that Quaternary climatic fluctuations had a significant impact on the demographic history and population structure of amphibian species endemic to high elevations in Brazil, leading to population expansion during the last glacial maximum and range contraction during interglacial periods. The diversification of these species during the Pleistocene was influenced by geographical isolation and climatic changes, highlighting the importance of landscape heterogeneity in shaping biota evolution.
We evaluated the role of Quaternary climatic fluctuations on the demographic history and population structure of amphibian species endemic to the ?campo rupestre? in the Neotropics, evaluating their distributional shifts, demographic changes, and lineage formation from the end of Pleistocene to present. We chose two anurans endemic to the high-elevation ?campo rupestre? in the Espinha?o Range (ER) in northeastern and southeastern Brazil (Bokermannohyla alvarengai and Bokermannohyla oxente), as models to test the role of Quaternary climatic fluctuations over their distribution range in this region. We collected tissue samples throughout their distribution range and used statistical phylogeography to examine processes of divergence and population demography. We generated spatial?temporal reconstructions using Bayesian inference in a coalescent framework in combination with hind-cast projections of species distribution models (SDMs). We also used the results and literature information to test alternative diversification scenarios via approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Our results show that Quaternary climatic fluctuations influenced the geographic ranges of both species showing population expansion during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and range contraction during interglacial periods, as inferred from selected ABC models and from past projections of SDMs. We recovered Pleistocene diversification for both species occuring in distinctly unique periods for each taxon. An older and range-restricted lineage was recovered in a geographically isolated geological massif, deserving conservation and further taxonomic study. The diversification and distribution of these amphibian species endemic to the Neotropical ?campo rupestre? were influenced by Quaternary climatic fluctuations. The expansion of cold adapted species restricted to higher elevations during glacial periods and their concomitant retraction during interglacial periods may have been crucial for producing patterns of species richness and endemism along elevation gradients in tropical and subtropical domains. Such processes may influence the evolution of the biota distributed in heterogeneous landscapes with varied topography.
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