Animal models for human group 1 CD1 protein function

The CD1 antigen presenting system is evolutionary conserved and found in mammals, birds and reptiles. Humans express five isoforms, of which CD1a, CD1b and CD1c represent the group 1 CD1-molecules. They are recognized by T cells that express diverse alpha beta-T cell receptors. Investigation of the role of group 1 CD1 function has been hampered by the fact that CD1a, CD1b and CD1c are not expressed by mice. However, other animals, such as guinea pigs or cattle, serve as alternative models and have established basic aspects of CD1-dependent, antimicrobial immune functions. Group 1 CD1 transgenic mouse models became available about ten years ago. In a series of seminal studies these mouse models coined the mechanistical understanding of the role of the corresponding CD1 restricted T cell responses. This review gives a short overview of available animal studies and the lessons that have been and still can be learned.

Automated summary

The CD1 antigen presenting system is evolutionarily conserved and can be found in mammals, birds, and reptiles. Research on the role of CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in mice has been hindered by their lack of expression in mice, but alternative animal models have provided valuable insights into CD1-dependent antimicrobial immune functions. Transgenic mouse models have also contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in CD1-restricted T cell responses.