4.7 Review

mRNA in cancer immunotherapy: beyond a source of antigen

Journal

MOLECULAR CANCER
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01329-3

Keywords

Cancer; mRNA; Nanoparticle; Antibody; Dendritic cell; T cell; Cytokine; Tumor microenvironment

Funding

  1. Agency of Innovation by Science and Technology (VLAIO)
  2. Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-V)
  3. Ghent university institutes BOF and IOF grants
  4. Melanoma Research Alliance
  5. Stichting tegen Kanker and Kom op Tegen Kanker (Stand up to cancer, the Flemish Cancer Society)

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mRNA therapeutics have become a focus in molecular medicine research, particularly in the field of immuno-oncology. The versatility and advantages of mRNA go beyond cancer vaccine development, with potential for endless therapeutic applications through smart design and pharmaceutical formulations. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies are now exploring the use of mRNA beyond tumor antigens as a source, showing promise for clinical applications.
mRNA therapeutics have become the focus of molecular medicine research. Various mRNA applications have reached major milestones at high speed in the immuno-oncology field. This can be attributed to the knowledge that mRNA is one of nature's core building blocks carrying important information and can be considered as a powerful vector for delivery of therapeutic proteins to the patient.For a long time, the major focus in the use of in vitro transcribed mRNA was on development of cancer vaccines, using mRNA encoding tumor antigens to modify dendritic cells ex vivo. However, the versatility of mRNA and its many advantages have paved the path beyond this application. In addition, due to smart design of both the structural properties of the mRNA molecule as well as pharmaceutical formulations that improve its in vivo stability and selective targeting, the therapeutic potential of mRNA can be considered as endless.As a consequence, many novel immunotherapeutic strategies focus on the use of mRNA beyond its use as the source of tumor antigens. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art on these applications and to provide a rationale for their clinical application.

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