Journal
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Volume 259, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124176
Keywords
Suzuki-miyaura coupling; Cross-coupling reaction; Biochar; Composite; Aryl halides
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The Fe3O4-Pd-biochar composite showed excellent catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, efficiently synthesizing biaryls from a variety of aryl halides under solvent-free conditions.
The objective of this study was the development of a novel, biochar-based Pd nanocatalyst and its evaluation for the promotion of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The Fe3O4-Pd-biochar composite was successfully characterized through a range of spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. Its catalytic activity was initially assessed using p-NO2C6H4I as a model reactant and later for the production of biaryls from a wide range of aryl halides, under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions. The optimum yield of 99% was obtained at a catalyst dosage of 8 mg, microwave irradiation of 400 W, 6 min residence time, using K2CO3 as the base. Furthermore, the catalyst promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl iodides and bromides (yields in the range of 88-97 and 86-97%, respectively), but was less successful for aryl chlorides (yields 78-83%). The presence of Fe3O4 allowed for the quick recovery of the catalyst, whereas repeated runs established its recyclability.
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