Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md19020112
Keywords
nanodroplets; oxygen; chitosan; chitosan-derivatives; chronic wound; human keratinocytes
Categories
Funding
- Fondazione Cariplo [2015-0550]
- University of Torino
- Fondazione CRT [2018.AI991.U1128]
- Compagnia di San Paolo [Torino_call2014_L2_207]
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The study compared four types of chitosan as shell materials for oxygen-loaded nanodroplets, with low molecular weight chitosan emerging as the best candidate for future treatment of chronic wounds.
Persistent hypoxia is a main clinical feature of chronic wounds. Intriguingly, oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs), filled with oxygen-solving 2H,3H-decafluoropentane and shelled with polysaccharides, have been proposed as a promising tool to counteract hypoxia by releasing a clinically relevant oxygen amount in a time-sustained manner. Here, four different types of chitosan (low or medium weight (LW or MW), glycol-(G-), and methylglycol-(MG-) chitosan) were compared as candidate biopolymers for shell manufacturing. The aim of the work was to design OLND formulations with optimized physico-chemical characteristics, efficacy in oxygen release, and biocompatibility. All OLND formulations displayed spherical morphology, cationic surfaces, <= 500 nm diameters (with LW chitosan-shelled OLNDs being the smallest), high stability, good oxygen encapsulation efficiency, and prolonged oxygen release kinetics. Upon cellular internalization, LW, MW, and G-chitosan-shelled nanodroplets did not significantly affect the viability, health, or metabolic activity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). On the contrary, MG-chitosan-shelled nanodroplets showed very poor biocompatibility. Combining the physico-chemical and the biological results obtained, LW chitosan emerges as the best candidate biopolymer for future OLND application as a skin device to treat chronic wounds.
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