Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages 1847-1853Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03863
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1905790]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Early Career Research Award [DE-SC0017923]
- DOE Office of Science User facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0017923] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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The study reveals a causal relationship between mixed donor-acceptor interfaces and charge generation in polymer-fullerene solar cells, demonstrating the significant impact of mixed phases on organic photovoltaic performance compared to pure aggregated domains at the interface. The analysis eliminates alternative explanations for performance trends, establishing causality and highlighting the importance of sharp interfaces for realizing theoretical efficiency limits in organic photovoltaics.
As organic photovoltaic performance approaches 20% efficiencies, causal structure-performance relationships must be established for devices to realize theoretical limits and become commercially competitive. Here, we reveal evidence of a causal relationship between mixed donor-acceptor interfaces and charge generation in polymer-fullerene solar cells. To do this, we combine a holistic loss analysis of device performance with quantitative synchrotron X-ray nanocharacterization to identify a >98% anticorrelation between field-dependent geminate recombination and nanodomain purity. Importantly, our analysis eliminates other possible explanations of the performance trends, a requirement to establish causality. The unprecedented granular level of our analysis also separates field-dependent and field-independent recombination at the interface, where we find for the first time that this system is free of field-independent recombination, a loss channel that plagues high-performance systems, including those with non-fullerene acceptors. This result broadens the case that minimizing mixed phases to promote sharp interfaces between pure aggregated domains is the ideal nanostructure for realizing theoretical efficiency limits of organic photovoltaics.
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