Journal
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
Volume 553, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120519
Keywords
Heat evolution; Calorimetry; Class C fly ash geopolymerization; Solid-to-liquid ratio; Nucleation mechanism; Microstructure properties
Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [9003-00747 FRGS/1/2019/TK06/UNIMAP/02/1]
- FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) Grant
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This study aims to elucidate the geopolymerization of Class C fly ash at different solid-to-liquid ratios through heat evolution analysis. The nucleation mechanism was found to be governed by heterogeneous nucleation with rod-like growth. A solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.5 was identified as optimal, with the contribution of calcium and iron confirmed through various analyses.
The main objective in this study is to elucidate the geopolymerization of Class C fly ash at different solid-to-liquid ratio (1.0-3.0) by using heat evolution analysis. Differential Scanning Calorimeter was used to monitor heat evolution. The calculated heat evolved was utilized to analyze the reaction kinetics using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogrov Model and correlate with the compressive strength and microstructural properties encompassing morphology, functional group, phase analysis, and elemental distribution. The heat evolution was found to increase with increasing solid-to-liquid ratios. The nucleation mechanism of geopolymerization of Class C fly ash was governed by instantaneous heterogeneous nucleation with rod-like growth. Solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.5 was concluded as optimal ratio due to its great performance for strength development. Meanwhile the contribution of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) was confirmed due to the presence of Si-O-Ca and Si-O-Fe bonds in the functional group analysis, which was further confirmed by phase analysis and elemental distribution mapping.
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