Consistency of independent component analysis for FMRI

Background: Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely used for blind source separation in the field of medical imaging. However, despite of previous substantial efforts, the stability of ICA components remains a critical issue which has not been adequately addressed, despite numerous previous efforts. Most critical is the inconsistency of some of the extracted components when ICA is run with different model orders (MOs). New Method: In this study, a novel method of determining the consistency of component analysis (CoCA) is proposed to evaluate the consistency of extracted components with different model orders. In the method, consistent components (CCs) are defined as those which can be extracted repeatably over a range of model orders. Result: The efficacy of the method was evaluated with simulation data and fMRI datasets. With our method, the simulation result showed a clear difference of consistency between ground truths and noise. Comparison with existing methods: The information criteria were implemented to provide suggestions for the optimal model order, where some of the ICs were revealed inconsistent in our proposed method. Conclusions: This method provided an objective protocol for choosing CCs of an ICA decomposition of a data matrix, independent of model order. This is especially useful with high model orders, where noise or other disturbances could possibly lead to an instability of the components.

Automated summary

A novel method called Component Consistency Analysis (CoCA) was proposed to evaluate the consistency of extracted components in Independent Component Analysis (ICA) across different model orders. Simulation results and fMRI datasets evaluation showed the effectiveness of this method in distinguishing consistency between ground truths and noise. The method provided an objective protocol for selecting consistent components independent of model order, especially useful in high model orders to prevent instability due to noise or other disturbances.