Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 403, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123973
Keywords
Spatial-temporal distribution; Fugacity fraction; Source apportionment; Risk assessment; Sediment discharge
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51839011, 41671477, 41771519]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Technology Service Network Program (STS)
- Comprehensive evaluation of geological resources and environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt [DD20190260]
- Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2017ZX07204005]
- Key Cultivation Project of the Institute's-13th Five-Year Plan-Ecological Effect and Prevention and Control of Complex Pollution of Lakes [NIGLAS2018GH05]
- Science and Technology Basic Work of Science and Technology [2015FY110900-03]
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The study revealed that sediments in the Yangtze River act as a secondary emission source and sink for PAHs, contributing to higher risks downstream. Elevated PAH levels in developed areas were linked to economic factors, primarily from coal and vehicle emissions. Water runoff was identified as the main transport pathway for PAHs in the middle-lower Yangtze River, while dam impoundment upstream led to decreased sediment discharge and increased retention effect.
We examined the riverine transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on their spatial-temporal distributions in water and sediments from the mainstream along the middle and lower Yangtze River. According to the fugacity fraction (ff) estimation, sediments performed as a secondary emission source of two-, three-, and four-ringed PAHs and as a sink for fiveand six-ringed congeners, leading to higher ecological and human health risks especially towards the lower reaches. The higher PAH levels observed in the more developed delta and megacities were highly linked to economic parameters. This was further supported by the source apportionment performed using the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) model, which showed major contributions of coal and coke combustions along with vehicle emissions. The spatial-temporal distribution revealed that water runoff was the major contribution to PAHs transport along the middle-lower Yangtze River, whereas a sharp decrease in sediment discharge due to the dam impoundment along the upper reaches would lead to an increase in the catchment retention effect of PAHs. Hence, the biogeochemical processes of PAHs and their impacts on the fragile ecosystems as a consequence of the further modification of the sedimentary system in rivers need to be fully explored.
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