Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 403, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123864
Keywords
Nanotoxicology; Emerging pollutants; Freshwater; Fish; Aquatic vertebrates
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) (Brazilian research agency) [307743/2018-7, 426531/2018-3]
- Instituto Federal Goiano [23219.000566.2020-33]
- CAPES
- FAPEG
- CNPq [307743/2018-7]
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The exposure of grass carp juveniles to different concentrations of PS NPs did not lead to increased biometric parameters, but affected their individual and collective behavior, as well as biochemical parameters. Despite no damage to locomotor and visual abilities, PS NPs influenced locomotor activity in response to vibratory stimuli and anti-predatory behavior in the presence of a potential predator, indicating potential health effects on early-life stage grass carp individuals.
The biometric, behavioral and biochemical toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in aquatic freshwater vertebrates and in environmentally relevant concentrations remains poorly known. Thus, using different toxicity biomarkers we tested the hypothesis that the exposure of Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles to small PS NPs concentrations (0.04 ng/L, 34 ng/L and 34 mu g/L), for a short period-of-time, may affect their growth/development, individual and collective behavior, and biochemical parameters. Animals exposed to NPs did not show increased biometric parameters (i.e.: body biomass, total and standard length, peduncle height, head height and visceral somatic and hepatosomatic indices). Despite the lack of damage on the locomotor (open field test) and visual (visual stimulus test) abilities of the evaluated fish, the expected increase in locomotor activity during the vibratory stimulus test was not evident in animals exposed to NPs. Non-exposed animals were the only ones showing increased activity/locomotion time in the presence of the predatory stimulus during the individual anti-predatory response test. The behavior of animals directly confronted with a potential predator has evidenced the influence of NPs on shoals' aggregation and on the distance kept by individuals from the predatory stimulus. These changes were associated with PS NPs accumulation in animals' brains, oxidative stress and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (hepatic and cerebral). Therefore, the current study has confirmed the initial hypothesis and showed that, even at low concentrations, PS NPs can affect the health of C. idella individuals at early life stage.
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