Journal
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
Volume 67, Issue 262, Pages 193-203Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/jog.2021.13
Keywords
Glacier discharge; ice and climate; ice dynamics; ice; ocean interactions
Funding
- EPSRC
- ESRC Centre for Doctoral Training on Quantification and Management of Risk and Uncertainty in Complex Systems Environments Grant [EP/L015927/1]
- UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship [MR/S017232/1]
- UKRI [MR/S017232/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The study shows that tidewater glacier margins in different regions of the Greenland ice sheet exhibit linear retreat trends, with varying sensitivity to climate drivers. While most glaciers experience retreat, the observed increase in absolute flux for the entire ice sheet is primarily influenced by a small number of glaciers.
Gaining knowledge of tidewater glacier (TWG) margin evolution, solid ice flux and their responses to climate over large spatio-temporal scales provides valuable context for the projection of future Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) change. Although studies of sector-wide responses of TWGs exist, studies at an ice-sheet-wide scale have only just become feasible. Here, we present a dataset of 224 annual TWG margins for 1984-2017 (n = 3801), showing that averaged over regional scales, normalised terminus change is linear. Regionally linear retreat trends were identified across most sectors of the GrIS starting in the mid-1990s, although in contrast to previous studies, the northeastern sector is shown to have experienced sustained retreat since the mid-1980s. Through cointegration analyses, individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers, though on a sector-wide scale the northwest and southeast are shown to be especially sensitive to annual sea surface temperature and June-July-August air temperature, respectively. Although 92% of the analysed glaciers experience retreat across the GrIS, observed increases in absolute flux for the entire ice sheet can be explained by changes in just 11 of these TWGs.
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