Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 224, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238360
Keywords
Ectotherms; Endotherms; Species; Habitat; Unifying principles; Experimental studies; Human habitat; Climate change; Thermal tolerance; Performance; Oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance; Life stages
Categories
Funding
- PACES (Polar regions And Coasts in the changing Earth System) program of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
- research project METAFISCH of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) [FZK01LS1604A]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of the Research Unit Tersane [Po 278/16-1, Po 278/16-2, FO 2332]
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Physiological studies contribute to understanding the cause and effect relationships of ecological patterns under climate change and the scope and limitations of adaptation. Experimental findings support the hypothesis that the width and temperature range of thermal performance curves relate to biogeographical range and determine the species' capacity to interact with others at the ecosystem level.
Physiological studies contribute to a cause and effect understanding of ecological patterns under climate change and identify the scope and limits of adaptation. Across most habitats, this requires analyzing organism responses to warming, which can be modified by other drivers such as acidification and oxygen loss in aquatic environments or excess humidity or drought on land. Experimental findings support the hypothesis that the width and temperature range of thermal performance curves relate to biogeographical range. Current warming causes range shifts, hypothesized to include constraints in aerobic power budget which in turn are elicited by limitations in oxygen supply capacity in relation to demand. Different metabolic scopes involved may set the borders of both the fundamental niche (at standard metabolic rate) and the realized niche (at routine rate). Relative scopes for aerobic performance also set the capacity of species to interact with others at the ecosystem level. Niche limits and widths are shifting and probably interdependent across life stages, with young adults being least thermally vulnerable. The principles of thermal tolerance and performance may also apply to endotherms including humans, their habitat and human society. Overall, phylogenetically based comparisons would need to consider the life cycle of species as well as organism functional properties across climate zones and time scales. This Review concludes with a perspective on how mechanismbased understanding allows scrutinizing often simplified modeling approaches projecting future climate impacts and risks for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It also emphasizes the usefulness of a consensus-building process among experimentalists for better recognition in the climate debate.
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