Mercury emissions and partitioning from Indian coal-fired power plants

In India coal combustion is the single largest source of emission of mercury which is a widespread persistent global toxicant, travelling across international borders through air and water. As a party to the Minamata convention, India aims to monitor and reduce Hg emissions and stricter norms are introduced for mercury emissions from power plants (30 mu g/Nm(3) for flue gas in stack). This paper presents the results obtained during the experimental studies performed on mercury emissions at four coal-fired and one lignite -fired power plants in India. The mercury concentration in the feed coal varied between 0.12-0.27 mg/Kg. In the mercury mass balance, significant proportion of feed coal mercury has been found to be associated with fly ash, whereas bottom ash contained very low mercury. 80%-90% of mercury was released to air through stack gas. However, for circulating fluidised bed boiler burning lignite, about 64.8% of feed mercury was found to get captured in the fly ash and only 32.4% was released to air. The mercury emission factor was found to lie in the range of 4.7-15.7 mg/GJ. (C) 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

This study investigated the mercury emissions from coal-fired and lignite-fired power plants in India. The majority of mercury was found to be released to air through stack gas, with a significant portion captured in fly ash, especially in the case of circulating fluidised bed boilers burning lignite. The mercury emission factor ranged from 4.7 to 15.7 mg/GJ.