Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246496
Keywords
Drosophila; Microtubule; Actin; Mechanics; Active matter
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GR1945/10-2]
- Shandong Province Taishan program for young scientist, China [qnts201909055]
- Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP) [RGY0083/2016]
- Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian (FCG)
- Fundacao para Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [FCT IF/00082/2013]
- EU [818743]
- FCT (Portugal)
- Lisboa Regional Operational Program (Lisboa2020) under the PORTUGAL2020 Partnership Agreement (European Regional Development Fund)
- [LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007654]
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Cell and tissue functions rely on genetic programmes and biochemical signals, while the physical properties of soft material play an important role in cellular function and morphology. The biophysical properties are determined by the cytoskeleton, consisting of dynamic networks and associated proteins. The Drosophila syncytial embryo, a simple pseudo-tissue, showcases how cytoskeletal dynamics underlies biophysical properties and collective features.
Cell and tissue functions rely on the genetic programmes and cascades of biochemical signals. It has become evident during the past decade that the physical properties of soft material that govern the mechanics of cells and tissues play an important role in cellular function and morphology. The biophysical properties of cells and tissues are determined by the cytoskeleton, consisting of dynamic networks of F-actin and microtubules, molecular motors, crosslinkers and other associated proteins, among other factors such as cell-cell interactions. The Drosophila syncytial embryo represents a simple pseudo-tissue, with its nuclei orderly embedded in a structured cytoskeletal matrix at the embryonic cortex with no physical separation by cellular membranes. Here, we review the stereotypic dynamics and regulation of the cytoskeleton in Drosophila syncytial embryos and how cytoskeletal dynamics underlies biophysical properties and the emergence of collective features. We highlight the specific features and processes of syncytial embryos and discuss the applicability of biophysical approaches.
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