Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 296, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100494
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Funding
- Marsden Fund of New Zealand
- US National Institutes of Health [R01-GM119227, K12-GM000678]
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/07937-8, 2018/14898-2, 2015/10411-3]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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This study investigated the impact of structural changes around the C172 site in Prdx2 protein on H2O2 reactivity, revealing that mutations to C172D and C172W significantly decreased oxidation and hyperoxidation rates. Structural analyses and protein studies showed that the C172S mutation resulted in a more flexible and weaker decamer structure, compared to the wild type.
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) is a thiol peroxidase with an active site Cys (C52) that reacts rapidly with H2O2 and other peroxides. The sulfenic acid product condenses with the resolving Cys (C172) to form a disulfide which is recycled by thioredoxin or GSH via mixed disulfide intermediates or undergoes hyperoxidation to the sulfinic acid. C172 lies near the C terminus, outside the active site. It is not established whether structural changes in this region, such as mixed disulfide formation, affect H2O2 reactivity. To investigate, we designed mutants to cause minimal (C172S) or substantial (C172D and C172W) structural disruption. Stopped flow kinetics and mass spectrometry showed that mutation to Ser had minimal effect on rates of oxidation and hyperoxidation, whereas Asp and Trp decreased both by similar to 100-fold. To relate to structural changes, we solved the crystal structures of reduced WT and C172S Prdx2. The WT structure is highly similar to that of the published hyperoxidized form. C172S is closely related but more flexible and as demonstrated by size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation, a weaker decamer. Size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation showed that the C172D and C172W mutants are also weaker decamers than WT, and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated greater flexibility with partially unstructured regions consistent with C-terminal unfolding. We propose that these structural changes around C172 negatively impact the active site geometry to decrease reactivity with H2O2. This is relevant for Prdx turnover as intermediate mixed disulfides with C172 would also be disruptive and could potentially react with peroxides before resolution is complete.
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