Journal
ENERGY & FUELS
Volume 30, Issue 9, Pages 7410-7418Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01522
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Funding
- Bioenergy2020+ project [C20016016]
- Austrian COMET program
- Institute of Chemical Engineering at the TU Wien
- Department of Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
- Department of Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry at Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Utilization of biomass as feedstock in dual fluidized bed steam gasification is a promising technology for the substitution of fossil energy carriers. Experience from industrial-scale power plants showed an alteration of the olivine bed material due to interaction with biomass ash components. This change results mainly in the formation of Ca-rich layers on the bed particles. In this paper, a mechanism for layer formation is proposed and compared to the better understood mechanism for layer formation on quartz bed particles. Olivine bed material was sampled at an industrial-scale power plant before the start of operation and at predefined times after the operation had commenced. Therefore, time-dependent layer formation under industrial-scale conditions could be investigated. The proposed mechanism suggests that the interaction between wood biomass ash and olivine bed particles is based on a solid solid substitution reaction, where Ca2+ is incorporated into the crystal structure. As a consequence, Fe2+/3+ and Mg2+ ions are expelled as oxides. This substitution results in the formation of cracks in the particle layer due to a volume expansion in the crystal structure once Ca2+ is incorporated. The results of this work are compared to relevant published results, including those related to quartz bed particles.
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