Lead and strontium isotopes as tracers for Early Formative pottery exchange in ancient Mexico

The sourcing of ceramics contributes to resolve questions about the nature of interactions between ancient so-cieties. One such question concerns the primacy of the Olmec center of San Lorenzo in the development of the first unified iconographic style and its role in the early evolution of Mesoamerican civilization. Applying a combination of the isotopic systems of lead and strontium to a selection of ceramics dating to Early Formative period (1500-1000 BCE), this research evaluates the isotopic approach as an independent tool to address pre-viously debated questions. The results demonstrate the capacity of isotopic analyses to discriminate between production centers, identify imports, relate unassigned samples to their production center and ceramics to raw material, and produce insights into production strategies (ceramics used locally versus exports). It subsequently shows how this approach can help solving existing hypotheses relying on ceramic provenance in the Early Formative period in Ancient Mexico. The findings discussed in this study more largely demonstrate that the isotopic approach constitutes a powerful tool to source ceramics and should be considered where contradictory hypotheses exist on their provenance.

Automated summary

By applying isotopic analyses to ceramics from Ancient Mexico's Early Formative period, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of isotopic approach in sourcing ceramics, resolving questions about production centers, imports, and production strategies. The results show the potential of isotopic analyses as a powerful tool in ceramic provenance studies.