Journal
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Volume 281, Issue -, Pages 183-191Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.032
Keywords
Suicidal ideation; depression; treatment outcome; cognitive therapy; antidepressant medications
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health [MH60713, MH01697, K02, MH60998]
- Office of Academic Affiliations, Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment, Department of Veterans Affairs
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This study found that adding cognitive therapy to antidepressant medications can further reduce suicidal ideation during treatment, relative to medications alone. This effect was consistent when measured with both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, particularly for patients with more severe suicidal ideation.
Background: Psychotherapy for depression and antidepressant medications have both been associated with decreases in suicidal ideation. Studies have not examined whether adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medications further reduces suicidal ideation relative to medications alone in adults. Methods: Participants (N = 452) were randomized to 7 months of treatment with antidepressant medications or combined treatment with both medications and cognitive therapy for depression. We examined change in the suicide items from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) across treatment using Bayesian generalized linear mixed models for non-continuous outcomes. Results: Suicidal ideation decreased across treatment. When measured with the BDI, participants receiving both cognitive therapy and antidepressant medications showed 17% greater reductions in suicidal ideation relative to those receiving medications alone; this effect remained significant when controlling for depression severity. While the same pattern was observed when suicidal ideation was measured with the HDRS, the effect was smaller (7%) and not statistically significant. When BDI and HDRS scores were combined, participants receiving both therapy and medications showed 9% greater reductions in suicidal ideation relative to those receiving medications alone; this effect was marginally significant when controlling for depression severity. Limitations: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial designed to treat depression, in which suicidal ideation was assessed using single-item measures. Conclusions: Adding cognitive therapy to antidepressant medications may reduce suicidal ideation to a greater extent than medications alone. Pending replication, combination treatment may be preferred for individuals with suicidal ideation. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00057577
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