Journal
ENERGY & FUELS
Volume 30, Issue 11, Pages 9080-9088Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01727
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Funding
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SLR EPSRC Grant) through the EPSRC Industrial CASE award [EP/H501525/1 - UWE]
- Airbus Operations Ltd.
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A novel approach for protecting jet fuel against the effects of water contamination based upon Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII) is presented. This dual -action strategy is predicated on the addition of a fuel -soluble water scavenger that undergoes a kinetically fast hydrolysis reaction with free water to produce a hydrophilic ice inhibitor, thereby further militating against the effects of water crystallization. Criteria for an optimum FDII were identified and then used to screen a range of potential water -scavenging agents, which led to a closer examination of systems based upon exo/endo-cyclic ketals and both endoand exo-cyclic ortho esters. The ice inhibition properties of the subsequent products of the hydrolysis reaction in Jet A-1 were screened by differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrolysis products of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane demonstrate similar ice inhibition performance to DiEGME over a range of blend levels. The calorific values for the products of hydrolysis were also investigated, and it is clear that there would be a significant fuel saving on use of the additive over current fuel system icing inhibitors. Finally, three promising candidates, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, and 2methoxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, were shown to effectively dehydrate Jet A-1 at room temperature over a 2 h period.
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