4.7 Article

Enhanced Regeneration of Vascularized Adipose Tissue with Dual 3D-Printed Elastic Polymer/dECM Hydrogel Complex

Journal

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062886

Keywords

3d printing; PLCL; decellularization; angiogenesis; dECM hydrogel; adipose tissue regeneration

Funding

  1. KIST Institutional Program [2V08550]
  2. Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT [2021R1A2C2004634]
  3. Technology Innovation Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) [20008686]
  4. Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [20008686] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
  5. National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1A2C2004634] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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The PLCL/dECM scaffold fabricated by dual 3D printing system showed good printability and bioactivity for adipose tissue engineering, promoting adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis.
A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three-dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaffolds. To prepare the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co-polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue-derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose-like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel-PLCL group than in the PLCL-only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel-PLCL group by immunofluorescence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.

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