Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031303
Keywords
Rolled Fine Striped (RFS); flowering time; rice (Oryza sativa); ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor; epigenetics; histone methylation
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation [NRF-2018R1D1A1A02086227, NRF-2017R1A2B3003310]
- Ministry of Education
- New Breeding Technologies Development Program [PJ01492704]
- Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
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Genetic studies show that the chromatin remodeling factor RFS promotes flowering in rice by affecting the expression of flowering time-related genes. RFS displays diurnal expression patterns under different day lengths, and mutations in RFS lead to delays in flowering and negative effects on rice yield and yield components.
Genetic studies have revealed that chromatin modifications affect flowering time, but the underlying mechanisms by which chromatin remodeling factors alter flowering remain largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that Rolled Fine Striped (RFS), a chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 3 (CHD3)/Mi-2 subfamily ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor, promotes flowering in rice. Diurnal expression of RFS peaked at night under short-day (SD) conditions and at dawn under long-day (LD) conditions. The rfs-1 and rfs-2 mutants (derived from different genetic backgrounds) displayed a late-flowering phenotype under SD and LD conditions. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that among the flowering time-related genes, the expression of the major floral repressor Grain number and heading date 7 (Ghd7) was mainly upregulated in rfs mutants, resulting in downregulation of its downstream floral inducers, including Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a), and Rice FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1). The rfs mutation had pleiotropic negative effects on rice grain yield and yield components, such as plant height and fertility. Taking these observations together, we propose that RFS participates in multiple aspects of rice development, including the promotion of flowering independent of photoperiod.
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