Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052363
Keywords
earthworm; regeneration; innate immunity; coelomocytes; cell proliferation; apoptosis; gene expression
Funding
- Medical School Research Foundation University of Pecs [PTE-AOK-KA 2017/4, 2020/14, GINOP-232-15-2016-00050, EFOP-361-16-2016-00004]
- Thematic Excellence Program 2020-Institutional Excellence Sub-program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary of the University of Pecs
- New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology [UNKP-19-3-I]
- Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Gyorgy Romhanyi Research Scholarship of the University of Pecs, Medical School
- Medical School, University of Pecs
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The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in Eisenia andrei earthworms, revealing dynamic changes in cell proliferation during anterior and posterior regeneration, accumulation of different immune cell subsets in the newly-formed blastema, and downregulation of pattern recognition receptors and antimicrobial peptides mRNA patterns in regenerating earthworms. Experimental coelomocyte depletion significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during regeneration, indicating complex interactions between regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity.
Regeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in Eisenia andrei earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior regeneration, we documented the kinetical aspects of segment restoration by histochemistry. Cell proliferation peaked at two weeks and remitted by four weeks in regenerating earthworms. Apoptotic cells were present throughout the cell renewal period. Distinct immune cell (e.g., coelomocyte) subsets were accumulated in the newly-formed blastema in the close proximity of the apoptotic area. Regenerating earthworms have decreased pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., TLR, except for scavenger receptor) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (e.g., lysenin) mRNA patterns compared to intact earthworms. In contrast, at the protein level, mirroring regulation of lysenins became evident. Experimental coelomocyte depletion caused significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during anterior and posterior regeneration. These obtained novel data allow us to gain insight into the intricate interactions of regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity.
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